Bunuel wrote:
If G represents the number of multiples of 3 between 3^30 and 3^50, inclusive, then G must be:
I. Odd
II. Divisible by 3
III. Divisible by 9
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
I. Odd
II. Divisible by 3
III. Divisible by 9
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Lets analyze each Roman numeral.
I. Odd
We can use the following formula:
(largest multiple of 3 in the set - smallest multiple of 3 in the set)/3 + 1 = number of multiples of 3
(3^50 - 3^30)/3 + 1
3^50/3 - 3^30/3 + 1
3^49 - 3^29 + 1
3^29(3^20 - 1) + 1
Since 3^29 is odd and 3^20 - 1 is even, 3^29(3^20 - 1) is even, since odd x even = even. So, 3^29(3^20 - 1) + 1 is odd, since 1 more than an even number is odd. Thus, G is an odd number. Roman numeral I is correct.
II. Divisible by 3
From the calculation in Roman numeral I, we see that G = 3^29(3^20 - 1) + 1 and we see that the first term, 3^29(3^20 - 1), is divisible by 3, but the second term, 1, isnt. Thus, the sum is not divisible by 3. Roman numeral II is not correct.
II. Divisible by 9
From the analysis in Roman numeral II, we see that G is not divisible by 3. If a number is not divisible by 3, it is not divisible by 9. Thus, Roman numeral III is also not correct.
Answer: A