carcass wrote:
[box_out]
1) According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was
(B) perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women’s employment in wage labor ===>eliminated all other answer choices....i am not sure but this seems to be correct.
2. According to the passage, historians of women’s labor focused on factory work as a more promising area of research than service-sector work because factory work
(C) was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregation ===>stated in first paragraph in the lines:
primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s work” in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because
(E) employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking ===>stated in first paragraph:
These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s work” in the home===>so basis this we can infer that service factory was opposite means much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking
4. The passage supports which of the following statements about the early mill owners mentioned in the second paragraph?
(C) They argued that women were inherently suited to do well in particular kinds of factory work. ==>stated in second paragraph==>mill owners:women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores;the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the “unfinished revolution” the author mentions in line 13 refers to the
(E) emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation ==>because emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace....after this author is talking about unfinished revolution........hence this is refering to EMANCIPATION only
6. The passage supports which of the following statements about hiring policies in the United States?
(D) Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women for factory work. ==>stated in last paragraph:
despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries
7. Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passage concerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?
(E) “purview” (line 24)
i am weak in this......so guessing as purview
8. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the final paragraph to the passage as a whole?
(A) The central idea is reinforced by the citation of evidence drawn from twentieth-century history. ===>eliminated other option this seems to be correct
Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers — women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s work” in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.
To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s “real” aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as ‘female.’
More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as ‘female,’ employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the ‘male’ jobs that women had been permitted to master.
[box_in]To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s “real” aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as ‘female.’
More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as ‘female,’ employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the ‘male’ jobs that women had been permitted to master.
1) According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was
(B) perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women’s employment in wage labor ===>eliminated all other answer choices....i am not sure but this seems to be correct.
2. According to the passage, historians of women’s labor focused on factory work as a more promising area of research than service-sector work because factory work
(C) was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregation ===>stated in first paragraph in the lines:
primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s work” in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because
(E) employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking ===>stated in first paragraph:
These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s work” in the home===>so basis this we can infer that service factory was opposite means much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking
4. The passage supports which of the following statements about the early mill owners mentioned in the second paragraph?
(C) They argued that women were inherently suited to do well in particular kinds of factory work. ==>stated in second paragraph==>mill owners:women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores;the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the “unfinished revolution” the author mentions in line 13 refers to the
(E) emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation ==>because emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace....after this author is talking about unfinished revolution........hence this is refering to EMANCIPATION only
6. The passage supports which of the following statements about hiring policies in the United States?
(D) Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women for factory work. ==>stated in last paragraph:
despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries
7. Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passage concerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?
(E) “purview” (line 24)
i am weak in this......so guessing as purview
8. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the final paragraph to the passage as a whole?
(A) The central idea is reinforced by the citation of evidence drawn from twentieth-century history. ===>eliminated other option this seems to be correct
my CALL:
B C E C E D E A
waiting OA